How to protect intellectual property online?

Safeguarding your digital assets: A five-step guide to online IP protection.

Step 1: Secrecy is key. Don’t broadcast your business ideas or trade secrets online prematurely. Consider using non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) with employees and partners to further enhance confidentiality. Remember, the less publicly available your information, the harder it is to infringe upon.

Step 2: Meticulous documentation is paramount. Detailed records of your concepts, creative works, and software code act as irrefutable proof of ownership should disputes arise. Maintain comprehensive version history and timestamps.

Step 3: Trademark protection offers a powerful shield. A trademark safeguards your brand and distinguishes your goods and services from competitors. Early trademark registration secures your rights and prevents others from using similar branding that could cause consumer confusion. Consider international trademark protection if your target market extends beyond your country.

Step 4: Comprehensive IP registration builds a strong defense. Register your intellectual property—patents, copyrights, and trademarks—with the appropriate authorities. This establishes a public record of ownership and provides legal recourse in case of infringement. Consider registering with the U.S. Copyright Office, the USPTO, or equivalent international organizations.

Step 5: Proactive investment pays dividends. Investing in robust cybersecurity measures, including strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, and regular software updates, is crucial. Furthermore, consider legal counsel specialized in intellectual property to navigate the complex legal landscape and build a comprehensive IP protection strategy. Legal fees are a small price to pay compared to the potential losses from IP theft.

How can we protect intellectual property in digital media?

Protecting digital intellectual property requires a multi-pronged approach. Copyright registration is the foundational step, providing legal standing for claims of infringement. However, registration alone isn’t sufficient. Robust digital watermarking, subtly embedding ownership information directly into the digital file, allows for effective tracing of unauthorized copies and distribution channels. My testing has shown that robust watermarking, particularly when combined with blockchain technology, significantly increases the difficulty of removing ownership markers.

Proactive monitoring of online platforms, including social media, file-sharing sites, and streaming services, is crucial. This often involves utilizing specialized monitoring services and keyword searches to detect unauthorized use. Advanced tools can automatically identify infringing content and alert copyright holders. We’ve found that combining automated monitoring with manual reviews yields the best results in identifying and addressing infringement.

Finally, a clear and readily available terms of service agreement, coupled with a commitment to pursuing legal action, acts as a strong deterrent. Legal remedies, ranging from cease-and-desist letters to lawsuits, are a necessary last resort for enforcing copyright protection. Experience shows that a combination of preventative measures and swift, decisive legal action significantly reduces the rate of successful infringement.

How to protect digital copyrighted content?

Protecting your digital creations in today’s interconnected world requires a multi-pronged approach. Think of it like fortifying your digital castle – multiple layers of defense are key.

1. Formalize Your Ownership: Register Your Copyright

This isn’t just a formality; official registration with the U.S. Copyright Office (or your country’s equivalent) provides legal weight should infringement occur. It establishes a public record of your ownership and significantly strengthens your case in legal proceedings. Think of it as the deed to your digital property.

2. Deterrence Through Visibility: Copyright Notices and Watermarks

Copyright Notices: Clearly display copyright notices (© [Year] [Your Name]) on all your digital assets. This serves as a visible reminder of your ownership. Consider adding your website URL for easy contact.
Watermarks: Embed subtle yet visible watermarks into your images, videos, and documents. These act as a deterrent and make unauthorized distribution easily traceable. Consider using semi-transparent text or even patterned overlays. For videos, consider embedding a watermark within the video frame itself.

3. Restrict Access: Encryption and Access Control

For truly sensitive material, encryption is your best friend. Tools like password-protected archives (ZIP files with strong passwords), DRM (Digital Rights Management) software for videos and music, and cloud storage with robust access controls (like setting permissions for specific users or groups) are crucial for preventing unauthorized access.

4. Active Monitoring: Track Down Infringements

Regularly monitor online platforms for unauthorized use of your content. Use search engines, social media monitoring tools, and dedicated copyright infringement detection services to identify and address instances of theft. Many platforms have built-in reporting mechanisms that can help facilitate takedown requests.

Bonus Tip: Consider Blockchain Technology

Blockchain technology offers a decentralized and transparent way to register and track digital ownership. While still evolving for widespread copyright protection, it represents a promising future for ensuring the integrity and authenticity of digital assets.

Choose strong passwords: Use a password manager to create unique, complex passwords for all your accounts.
Regularly update software: Keep your operating systems and security software up to date to patch vulnerabilities.
Back up your data: Regular backups prevent data loss and ensure you have a copy of your work, even if the original is compromised.

What are the 4 ways to protect intellectual property?

As a frequent buyer of popular goods, I know protecting intellectual property is crucial. Here’s what I’ve learned about the four main types:

Copyrights: These protect creative works like books, music, and software. The protection lasts for the author’s lifetime plus 70 years, meaning that even after the creator is gone, their work remains protected from unauthorized copying and distribution. It’s important to note that copyright protection begins automatically upon creation, but registering your copyright with the relevant authority provides stronger legal recourse.

Trademarks: These are brand identifiers – words, phrases, symbols, or logos – that distinguish your goods or services from others. Think of the Nike swoosh or the Apple logo. A strong trademark helps build brand recognition and prevents competitors from confusing consumers. Registration provides legal protection and allows you to pursue infringers. Maintaining a trademark often involves monitoring its use and addressing any potential infringements.

Utility Patents: These protect inventions – new and useful processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of matter, or improvements thereof. A utility patent gives the inventor exclusive rights to use, sell, and manufacture the invention for a set period (usually 20 years from the date of application). The patent application process is rigorous, requiring detailed descriptions and claims, and demonstrating novelty and non-obviousness.

Trade Secrets: This category covers confidential information that provides a competitive edge. Formulas, practices, designs, instruments, or a compilation of information could all qualify as trade secrets, provided they meet specific criteria. Unlike patents and copyrights, trade secrets offer indefinite protection as long as they remain confidential. However, enforcement relies on demonstrating that the information was misappropriated.

How is intellectual property used in online business?

Your online gadget and tech business thrives on intellectual property (IP). It’s not just about selling cool devices; it’s about owning and protecting the unique elements that define your brand and drive success. Your brand name, that catchy logo, and the innovative designs of your gadgets are all crucial IP assets.

Think about your website content – those detailed product descriptions, engaging blog posts, and captivating videos. They’re all IP, adding value and differentiating your business. Clever software you’ve developed to manage orders or enhance the user experience is also valuable IP.

Protecting your IP is essential. A strong brand helps you build recognition and loyalty, commanding premium prices. Registering your trademarks protects your brand name and logo from imitation. Copyright protects your website content and original software. Patents safeguard your unique gadget designs and inventions.

Consider the competitive landscape. Protecting your IP prevents competitors from simply copying your work, undermining your market position and profits. A robust IP strategy is fundamental to maintaining a competitive edge in the fast-paced world of tech.

Beyond the obvious, think about your unique selling propositions (USPs). Are you using specific algorithms or employing novel manufacturing techniques? These can be patented, further strengthening your competitive advantage. Even the specific way you market your products and the tone of your brand voice are valuable intangible assets.

Regularly review and update your IP strategy. As your business grows and evolves, so too should your approach to protecting your valuable intellectual property. This proactive approach ensures the long-term success and growth of your gadget and tech enterprise.

What are two common methods for protecting intellectual property?

Securing your intellectual property is crucial for success. Two widely used methods are patents and trademarks. Let’s delve a little deeper.

Patents offer protection for inventions, encompassing novel processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of matter, and improvements thereof. Think groundbreaking technology or a unique manufacturing technique. Obtaining a patent involves a rigorous application process, demonstrating novelty, utility, and non-obviousness. The granted patent provides exclusive rights, preventing others from making, using, or selling your invention for a specified period (usually 20 years from the filing date for utility patents). However, patents require significant upfront investment and ongoing maintenance fees. Strategic patent portfolio management can become complex.

Trademarks safeguard brand identity, covering logos, brand names, slogans, and even distinctive sounds or colors. This protection prevents others from using confusingly similar marks in connection with similar goods or services. Trademark registration involves a less complex process than patents but requires ongoing maintenance and monitoring for infringement. A strong trademark helps build brand recognition and customer loyalty, contributing significantly to market value. Consider registering your trademarks in multiple jurisdictions for broader protection, especially for international expansion.

Key Differences: Patents protect *functionality*, while trademarks protect *branding*.
Beyond Patents & Trademarks: While patents and trademarks are frequently employed, other forms of IP protection exist, such as copyrights (for creative works), trade secrets (for confidential information), and design patents (for the ornamental design of an article of manufacture).
Strategic Considerations: Carefully assess which IP protection methods best suit your specific needs and resources.
Professional Advice: Consulting with an experienced intellectual property attorney is highly recommended to navigate the complexities of IP law and ensure effective protection.

What is the cheapest way to copyright something?

Looking for the best copyright deal? Skip the expensive lawyers! The cheapest route is self-registering through the US Copyright Office website. It’s like an online shopping spree, but instead of a new dress, you’re securing your creative work. Simply navigate to their site, fill out the online form – it’s pretty straightforward – pay the filing fee (think of it as a low-cost shipping fee for your intellectual property), and upload your work. Boom! You’ve officially copyrighted your creation at the lowest price. Keep in mind that while this is the most affordable, it’s also the most DIY method; so make sure you carefully follow all instructions. Remember, the fee varies depending on the type of work you’re registering.

Pro-tip: Before you click “purchase,” carefully review the Copyright Office’s website for detailed information about eligible works and the application process itself. Think of it as checking product reviews before adding to your cart. It’ll save you time and potential headaches down the line.

What Cannot be intellectual property?

So you’re thinking about intellectual property, huh? Think of it like shopping online – you can’t copyright a product description that just states the objective qualities of an item. Facts are like public domain items – free for everyone to use. Things like “2 + 2 = 4” or “the Earth is round” – those are just facts, not something you can put in your online shopping cart and claim as your own.

Similarly, ideas themselves aren’t protected until they’re expressed in a tangible form. It’s like having a brilliant idea for a new type of widget, but until you’ve designed it, written it down, or even made a prototype, nobody can steal it (because it’s not actually *there* yet to steal!). Once you’ve created a design, a written description, or a working model, you can explore getting a patent or copyright, but only for *your expression* of that idea, not the idea itself. Think of it like buying the finished widget online – the design is protected, but the underlying concept of a widget is still up for grabs.

Think of it like this: The *fact* that a certain brand of shoes is comfortable is not protectable, but the *written review* expressing that fact, including specific details of the comfort and design, could be considered a form of intellectual property, like a creative text expression on a review site, possibly protected under copyright rules. Just the basic fact, though? Public domain.

What are the three ways to protect digital property right?

Protecting your digital property rights is crucial in today’s digital landscape. Three primary methods stand out: encoding, encryption, and watermarking. Each offers a unique approach to safeguarding your valuable assets.

Encoding involves transforming your digital asset into a format readable only by authorized devices or software. This prevents unauthorized access and reproduction. Think of it as a specialized lock and key system for your digital files. The level of security depends greatly on the sophistication of the encoding method employed.

Encryption goes a step further, scrambling your digital asset using an algorithm. Only those with the decryption key can access the original data. This is highly effective for sensitive information, such as confidential documents or proprietary software. Different encryption algorithms offer varying levels of security, with some being practically unbreakable with current technology.

Watermarking embeds a hidden identifier within the digital asset itself. This identifier can be visible or invisible, but serves as proof of ownership. While watermarking doesn’t prevent copying, it makes it easier to trace unauthorized distribution and proves ownership in case of infringement. Digital watermarking can be robust against various attacks, including image manipulation.

Consider the strengths and weaknesses of each method when deciding on a protection strategy. Often, a combination of techniques provides the most robust protection. For example, you might encode a file, then encrypt it, and finally add a watermark.

Important Considerations:

The complexity and cost of implementing these methods vary.
The effectiveness of each method depends on the sophistication of the attacker.
Legal frameworks around digital copyright and infringement are crucial alongside technical protection.

What qualifies as intellectual property?

Intellectual property (IP) encompasses creations of the mind, broadly categorized into several key areas. This isn’t just about patents and copyrights; it’s a crucial business asset often overlooked.

Inventions: Patents protect novel, useful, and non-obvious inventions, granting exclusive rights to manufacture, use, and sell the invention for a set period. Consider the implications of patent strength: a strong patent can be a major competitive advantage, while a weak one offers little protection. Strategic patent filing is therefore crucial.
Literary and Artistic Works: Copyrights protect original works of authorship, including books, music, software, and artwork. Understanding copyright’s lifespan and the nuances of fair use is essential for creators and businesses alike. This includes digital works and their unique challenges regarding distribution and infringement.
Brands and Trademarks: Trademarks protect brand names, logos, and other identifying marks used in commerce, safeguarding brand reputation and preventing consumer confusion. This goes beyond simply registering a trademark; it requires consistent brand management to maintain its protectable status.

Why is this important for businesses? IP rights can be licensed, sold, or used to secure funding, significantly impacting a company’s valuation. Understanding your IP portfolio – identifying, protecting, and managing your intellectual assets – is paramount for long-term success and competitive advantage. Neglecting IP management can lead to costly legal battles and lost revenue opportunities.

Identify your IP: Conduct a thorough assessment of all your intangible assets.
Protect your IP: Explore appropriate legal protections, considering patents, trademarks, and copyrights.
Manage your IP: Implement strategies for enforcing your rights and maximizing their value.

Who owns the intellectual property of a website?

OMG, website copyright! So, like, you think you own your amazing new website, right? Wrong! It automatically gets copyright protection the second it’s created – *totally* free, like a sample! But the *length* of that protection? That’s a different story. It depends on where you are.

The creator usually owns it! Even if you paid a designer a *gazillion* dollars, they probably still own the copyright to the *design* itself. Think of it like this: you bought the dress, but the designer still owns the pattern. You can wear the dress (use the website!), but they can sell that design to other people (unless you have a contract saying otherwise!).

What does this even *mean*?

They can use their design again – total nightmare if it’s amazing!
They can license it to others – which is a major fashion faux pas.
They can even stop *you* from doing certain things with your own website – which is basically a wardrobe malfunction of epic proportions!

How to avoid a copyright catastrophe:

Work-for-hire agreement: This is crucial! It’s like a super stylish contract that transfers ownership of the copyright to you (finally!). Make sure you get this in writing before they even start designing.
Clearly defined scope: Spell out *everything*. What they’re designing, what you’re paying for, and who owns what after it’s done. No room for ambiguity!
Consult a lawyer: It’s expensive, but like getting a killer outfit tailored, you’ll look and feel so much better knowing you’re legally protected.

In short: Don’t be a fashion victim! Protect your fabulous website with a rock-solid copyright agreement. You deserve to own it, honey!

What are 4 examples of intellectual property?

Intellectual property (IP) is a hot topic, and understanding its core components is crucial for innovators and businesses alike. Here’s a quick rundown of four key types:

Patents protect inventions – new and useful processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of matter, or improvements thereof. A patent grants the inventor exclusive rights to use, sell, and manufacture their invention for a set period, typically 20 years from the date of application. Think groundbreaking tech, innovative pharmaceuticals, or even a novel widget. The bar for patentability is high; the invention must be novel, non-obvious, and useful.

Copyrights shield original creative works, encompassing literary, dramatic, musical, and certain other intellectual works. This protection extends to the expression of an idea, not the idea itself. Copyright automatically protects works from the moment of creation, but registration provides additional benefits, including the right to sue for infringement. Think books, songs, software code, and even architectural designs.

Trademarks are symbols, designs, or phrases legally registered to represent a company or product. They distinguish goods and services from competitors and build brand recognition. This protection is potentially indefinite, as long as the mark remains in use and is renewed periodically. Think the Nike swoosh, the Apple logo, or even a distinctive brand name.

Trade secrets are confidential information that provides a competitive edge. This could include formulas, practices, designs, instruments, or a compilation of information. Unlike patents, trademarks, and copyrights, trade secrets offer indefinite protection, but only as long as the information remains confidential. Examples include the secret recipe for Coca-Cola or proprietary software algorithms.

What is intellectual property for small business owners?

For small business owners, intellectual property (IP) – inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and brand elements – is a powerful asset, a shield protecting your unique creations and a sword to carve out a competitive edge. The USPTO defines it as creations of the mind, but for you, it’s the lifeblood of your business. Think of your logo, your catchy slogan, that innovative product design, or your groundbreaking software – these are all forms of IP.

Protecting your IP isn’t just about preventing copycats; it’s about building a valuable brand and securing investment. A strong IP portfolio increases your business’s worth, making it more attractive to potential investors and acquirers. We’ve seen firsthand how robust IP protection can help smaller companies negotiate favorable partnerships and licensing deals, significantly boosting revenue streams. Failing to protect your IP, however, leaves you vulnerable to exploitation and potentially devastating legal battles. Remember, while creating a great product or service is crucial, protecting it is equally essential for long-term success.

Different types of IP protection exist to safeguard various aspects of your business. Patents shield inventions, trademarks protect brand identities, copyrights guard creative works, and trade secrets offer confidential business information protection. Choosing the right type(s) of IP protection is crucial, and seeking professional legal advice is often a worthwhile investment.

Consider the long-term value. A well-managed IP portfolio isn’t just about immediate protection; it’s about building a legacy. It’s about establishing your brand’s identity, differentiating yourself from competitors, and creating long-term sustainable growth. Think of it as an investment in the future of your business, an investment that will pay off in countless ways.

What are 4 types of intellectual property protection?

So you’re thinking about protecting your awesome online store ideas? Think intellectual property! It’s like leveling up your business. Here are four key ways to shield your genius:

Patents: Imagine a cool new widget for your pet hamster. A patent gives you exclusive rights to make, use, and sell it for a set period, keeping copycats away. Think of it as a super strong lock on your invention. There are different types – utility (for how it works), design (for how it looks), and plant (for new plants). Getting one’s tricky and expensive, so think carefully if it’s right for your situation. You usually need a patent attorney.

Trademarks: Your killer brand name and logo? Trademark them! This protects your brand identity so no one else can use something confusingly similar, protecting your brand’s reputation and keeping customers from accidentally buying a knockoff. Think of it as branding your products and securing customer recognition. This includes slogans and symbols.

Copyrights: This is for your creative content – photos of your products, the catchy descriptions on your website, your unique blog posts. Copyright automatically protects your original works from the moment you create them, stopping others from copying, distributing, or displaying them without your permission. It’s easy to register, but provides powerful protection.

Trade Secrets: Got a secret sauce that makes your cupcakes amazing? Keep it under wraps! This involves protecting confidential information that gives you a competitive edge, like special formulas, customer lists, or business processes. No registration is needed, but you need to actively protect it through confidentiality agreements and security measures. It’s all about keeping your competitive advantage in the game.

Pro Tip: Consult with an IP attorney to determine the best strategy for protecting your specific intellectual property. It’s an investment that can pay off big time.

Who owns a website legally?

Website ownership can be tricky, especially when it comes to content. Legally, you own the text content if you or someone on your payroll wrote it. Think of it like this: if you’re blogging about your new smartwatch and wrote the review yourself, that’s your intellectual property.

However, if you hired a freelancer or agency to create your website, including its text, things get more complicated. They are the initial “author” of that content. This means they retain ownership until you explicitly agree otherwise. Always, always get this in writing.

Here’s what to look out for:

Clear Contracts: Never launch a project without a legally sound contract outlining ownership of all deliverables, including website copy. This should detail who owns the copyright to the text after the project is complete and payment is made.
Work-for-Hire Agreements: These are particularly crucial when dealing with contractors. A properly drafted work-for-hire agreement transfers the copyright from the creator to you.
Copyright Assignment: The contract should include an explicit copyright assignment clause, transferring all rights to you. This removes any ambiguity.

Ignoring these steps can lead to headaches down the line. Imagine needing to make changes to your website and discovering you don’t have the rights to edit the content.

Think about these scenarios:

You hire a freelancer to write product descriptions for your e-commerce site. Without a proper agreement, the freelancer retains ownership. If you want to reuse that content elsewhere, you’ll need their permission.
You commission a full website redesign. Again, without a clear contract, your ownership of the textual content might be contested. This could even lead to legal battles over who can use the copy.

In short: proactive legal planning is paramount. A simple, well-drafted contract can save you significant time, money, and stress in the long run. Don’t skip this crucial step when building your online presence.

How do you avoid copyright when selling?

Selling gadgets and tech products? Copyright infringement is a serious issue. The safest bet is always originality. Spend time developing your own unique designs and functionalities. This isn’t just about avoiding lawsuits; it’s about building a brand identity.

Consider the current market trends. What are people looking for? What problems can your product solve? Brainstorming sessions, even with a small team, can lead to innovative solutions. Sketching, mind-mapping, and even prototyping early designs are invaluable steps.

Beyond physical design, think about the software and firmware that power your gadgets. Develop custom code, or use open-source options with clear licensing. Remember to check the licenses of any third-party libraries or components you integrate into your products. Proper attribution is key.

Thorough market research is crucial. Understanding what already exists allows you to identify gaps and avoid inadvertently copying existing patented or copyrighted features. Analyze competitor products for inspiration but never for replication.

Documentation is essential. Keep detailed records of your design process, including sketches, prototypes, and code. This documentation serves as proof of your originality should any copyright claims arise.

Finally, consider consulting with an intellectual property lawyer. They can offer guidance on protecting your designs and trademarks, ensuring you’re legally sound before launch.

How much does a copyright license cost?

Copyright registration fees vary significantly depending on the type of work and the application method. Registering a single author’s work, where the author is also the claimant and it’s not a work for hire, costs a base fee of $45 using the standard application. Opting for paper filing using forms PA, SR, TX, VA, or SE increases the cost to $125. This represents a substantial price difference, highlighting the cost savings of online submission. For those registering a group of unpublished works, the fee jumps to $85, suggesting potential economies of scale for larger projects. It’s crucial to carefully review the different application options and associated fees on the US Copyright Office website to choose the most cost-effective approach for your specific needs. Remember that these fees only cover the registration process itself and do not include any legal fees for potential copyright infringement cases. These are simply the costs to establish your copyright claim.

Do I need to copyright my website?

Copyrighting your website isn’t legally mandated, but it’s a smart move offering significant advantages. Think of it as robust insurance for your digital asset.

Official registration with the U.S. Copyright Office provides several key benefits:

Public Record of Ownership: Establishes clear proof of your ownership, deterring potential infringement.
Legal Standing: Provides stronger legal recourse if your website’s content is stolen or misused. This makes pursuing legal action significantly easier and more effective.
Certificate of Registration: Serves as irrefutable evidence of your copyright claim, a valuable asset in legal proceedings.

What gets copyrighted? While the website’s underlying code is automatically copyrighted upon creation, registering specific elements like unique text, images, graphics, and videos offers further protection. Consider these points:

Original Works Only: Copyright protects only original creative works; standard templates or publicly available content are not eligible.
Comprehensive Protection: Registering protects your entire website’s eligible content simultaneously, simplifying the process.
Cost-Benefit Analysis: While there’s a fee involved, the potential cost savings from avoiding legal battles far outweigh the registration expense for many website owners.

In short: While not compulsory, copyright registration provides a powerful shield against infringement and strengthens your claim to ownership, acting as a valuable investment in your website’s future.

Does an LLC protect intellectual property?

Nope, an LLC doesn’t automatically protect your intellectual property (IP) – think of it like buying a super cute dress online but forgetting to add insurance; the dress is yours, but it’s not protected against damage or theft. An LLC protects *you* and your business from personal liability, but your inventions, designs, or branding need separate protection.

Patents are like VIP passes for your inventions. They’re essential if you’ve created something truly unique and want to prevent others from copying it for a set period. Getting a patent is a process, though, and definitely requires a lawyer – think of it as hiring a personal shopper for your IP to ensure you get the best deal. There are different types of patents (utility, design, plant), so you’ll want to research which one applies to your creation. It’s like choosing between express shipping (faster, more expensive) and standard shipping (slower, cheaper).

Trademarks are all about your brand identity – your logo, slogans, and unique names. Think of them as your brand’s security system that keeps copycats away. Registering a trademark gives you exclusive rights to use that branding in your industry. This is crucial if you want to build brand recognition and prevent competitors from riding on your success.

Copyrights protect your original creative works, like your website content, graphics, or music. It’s like a digital watermark for your creation, proving ownership and giving you the right to control how it’s used. While registration isn’t always necessary, it offers several advantages.

Trade secrets are for information that gives you a competitive edge, like a special recipe or manufacturing process. You’ll need to actively protect it through confidentiality agreements and other measures; it’s like having a secret password that keeps your valuable information safe.

In short, an LLC is just one piece of the puzzle. You need to consider the specific type of IP you have and seek professional legal advice for proper protection; it’s a small investment that might save your business from a massive headache later on. Think of it as buying insurance for your valuable online purchases.