How do you know if a knife is good quality?

Oh my god, you wouldn’t BELIEVE the difference between a good knife and a bad one! It’s like night and day, seriously. A top-quality knife? Sharpening is a dream. It takes to a whetstone like butter, and *holds* that edge for ages! We’re talking weeks, even months of effortless slicing before you even *think* about sharpening again. And the feel? Pure luxury. The handle is perfectly balanced, ergonomically designed – it’s an extension of your hand! Think beautiful, durable materials like pakkawood or micarta – so chic!

Now, those cheapies? Forget about it! You’ll be sharpening them after every use. The edge is gone faster than you can say “avocado toast.” Plus, the handle? Usually some flimsy plastic that feels cheap and breaks easily – total nightmare. I’ve had handles crack and fall apart on me after just a few uses! Such a waste of money.

  • Steel matters! Look for high-carbon stainless steel – it’s the key to edge retention. Different steels have different properties, though, so do your research! Some steels are better for specific tasks.
  • Handle construction is crucial. Full tang is the ultimate – the blade extends the entire length of the handle. That’s strength, baby! Avoid rat-tail tangs; those are weak and break easily.
  • Consider the grind. Different grinds (like a flat grind or a convex grind) affect how the knife performs. Flat grinds are great for detail work, while convex grinds are more durable.

Honestly, investing in a good quality knife is life-changing. It’s like getting a new kitchen appliance – you’ll use it every single day, and it’ll make every task so much more enjoyable and efficient. It’s an investment that pays off in time, ease of use, and frankly, the sheer *satisfaction* of using a perfectly crafted tool.

  • Don’t skimp! A good knife is an investment in your happiness (and culinary skills).
  • Read reviews! See what other people say about the knives they’ve bought and used – always a good idea.
  • Visit a specialty store! Handling a knife in person is so important before you buy it – you’ll feel the difference instantly.

How do I choose a good knife?

Okay, so you want the perfect knife? Forget “good,” we’re aiming for *amazing*! First, steel type is KEY. Harder steels (think high carbon, like VG-10 or AUS-8) are incredible edge retainers – you’ll spend less time sharpening, which is awesome. But, they’re prone to rust. Think of it as a glamorous diva: high maintenance, but worth it. Softer steels (like stainless 420) are rust-resistant, practically indestructible, but they dull faster. It’s all about compromise, darling.

Blade shape matters too! A chef’s knife is versatile, but a paring knife is perfect for detail work. Consider what you’ll mostly use it for – chopping veggies, filleting fish, carving a roast? Different knives, different jobs, darling.

Handle comfort is crucial! Don’t settle for anything less than ergonomic perfection. Materials like wood, Micarta, or G10 offer great grip and feel. Look for a balanced knife that feels like an extension of your hand.

Price is relative. You can find amazing knives at various price points; don’t let a high price tag automatically equal top quality. Look at reviews and compare features to find the perfect fit for your budget and needs. Seriously, a good knife is an investment!

Sharpening is your best friend! A honing steel keeps the edge aligned, preventing dulling, while a sharpening stone or system (electric sharpeners are convenient but can damage blades) will revive a dull knife. Learn the art of sharpening – it’s a skill that will last you a lifetime, and dramatically increases your knife’s lifespan.

What are three indicators of a good knife?

Choosing a quality knife hinges on a few key factors, regardless of blade style. Full tang construction is paramount. This means the steel runs the entire length of the knife, from the tip of the blade to the end of the handle, resulting in superior balance, strength, and durability. A stamped knife, by contrast, often lacks this structural integrity, making it prone to bending or breaking under pressure.

Further enhancing this is fully-forged construction. This signifies that the entire knife is forged from a single piece of steel, rather than being assembled from multiple parts. This process creates a denser, more resilient blade with improved edge retention. Look for this characteristic alongside a full tang for the ultimate in performance.

Finally, consider the steel type. While full tang and forged construction are crucial, the type of steel dictates the knife’s sharpness, ability to hold an edge, and resistance to corrosion. High-carbon stainless steels offer an excellent balance of these properties. Research different steel grades (e.g., D2, CPM S30V, VG-10) to find one that suits your needs and budget. Different steels excel in different areas – some hold an edge longer, while others are more resistant to rust. Careful consideration of the intended use will guide you to the best choice.

  • Full Tang: Steel runs the length of the blade and handle.
  • Fully Forged: Entire knife made from one piece of steel.
  • High-Quality Steel: Determines edge retention, corrosion resistance, and sharpness.

What makes a knife high quality?

What truly sets a high-quality knife apart? It’s more than just a sharp blade; it’s about performance, longevity, and the overall user experience. A forged knife consistently outperforms its stamped counterpart across several key metrics.

Material Superiority: Forged knives are typically crafted from premium steel alloys, boasting superior hardness, edge retention, and resistance to corrosion. This translates to a blade that stays sharper longer, requiring less frequent sharpening and maintaining its cutting prowess over extended use. We’ve tested numerous blades, and the difference in edge retention between a forged and stamped knife is significant – often a matter of weeks, if not months.

Construction & Balance: The forging process creates a blade with superior structural integrity. The entire piece of steel is shaped, resulting in a blade that’s stronger, more resilient, and better balanced. While forged knives are heavier than stamped ones, this weight is distributed evenly, contributing to a comfortable and controlled feel in hand. This balanced weight distribution lessens fatigue during prolonged use, a factor often overlooked but crucial for professional or serious hobbyist use.

  • Enhanced Edge Geometry: The forging process allows for precise control over the blade’s geometry, resulting in a superior edge that holds its sharpness remarkably well. This is due to the full tang construction which provides more support to the edge.
  • Improved Durability: The strength and resilience of a forged blade are undeniable. We’ve subjected forged knives to rigorous abuse tests, and they consistently outperform stamped knives in terms of resistance to chipping and breaking.

Beyond the Blade: High-quality forged knives often feature superior handles crafted from durable, comfortable materials like wood, Micarta, or G10. These handles contribute to the overall ergonomics and make the knife more pleasant to use for extended periods. The handle should be firmly affixed to the tang—a full tang construction is ideal. Pay close attention to this detail as a poorly constructed handle can ruin even the best blade.

  • Consider the steel type: High-carbon stainless steels like AUS-8, VG-10, or D2 offer superior performance.
  • Look for a full tang construction: This ensures maximum strength and durability.
  • Evaluate the handle material and its attachment to the tang for comfort and longevity.

How much should you spend on a good knife?

The $50-$100 range is where the serious knife journey begins. Below that, you’re largely dealing with knives that are adequate for occasional use, but lack the metallurgical quality and construction to withstand heavy use or the test of time. At around $50, you start to encounter higher-carbon stainless steels like VG-10 or 154CM, offering superior edge retention and corrosion resistance. Look for full tang construction—where the blade steel runs the entire length of the handle—for increased strength and durability. Handle materials are also critical. Micarta and G10 are popular choices for their toughness and water resistance. Avoid stamped or partially-tang knives in this price bracket.

Investing $100 opens up a world of superior options. At this price point, you can often find knives featuring premium steels like S30V or even more exotic alloys. These steels exhibit exceptional hardness and edge retention, significantly reducing the frequency of sharpening. Furthermore, you’ll find more advanced handle designs incorporating ergonomic features for comfortable, fatigue-free use. This translates to a knife that’s not only a joy to use but also a reliable tool that will serve you faithfully for many years. Proper care, including regular cleaning and sharpening, is still essential to maximize longevity, however.

Key takeaways: Spending less than $50 often means compromising on materials and construction. $100, however, represents a significant upgrade, buying you a knife capable of a lifetime of service with proper care. Consider the steel type (look for high carbon stainless), full tang construction, and handle materials when making your selection. Don’t solely focus on the price; research reputable brands known for their quality and craftsmanship.

Do expensive knives make a difference?

The short answer is: yes, but it depends. While a $10 knife might suffice for occasional use, investing in a higher-end knife significantly impacts performance and longevity. This isn’t just marketing hype; it’s backed by material science.

Higher-priced knives often utilize superior materials:

  • Steel Type: Carbon steel blades, frequently found in more expensive knives, boast exceptional hardness and edge retention. They hold their sharpness far longer than cheaper stainless steel alternatives, reducing the need for frequent sharpening. However, they require more careful maintenance to prevent rust.
  • Blade Geometry: Expensive knives often feature meticulously crafted blade geometries (e.g., thinner grinds, specific bevel angles) that optimize cutting performance. This results in cleaner, more precise cuts with less effort.
  • Handle Materials: Premium handle materials like stabilized wood, G10, or Micarta offer superior ergonomics and durability compared to cheaper plastics, providing a more comfortable and secure grip, even during extended use.

However, the price difference isn’t solely about materials; it’s also about craftsmanship and design:

  • Manufacturing Precision: Higher-end knives undergo more rigorous quality control, ensuring consistent performance and superior tolerances. This means the blade sits perfectly aligned with the handle, preventing wobble and improving control.
  • Ergonomics & Balance: Expensive knives often prioritize ergonomics. The balance point is carefully considered, leading to a more comfortable and intuitive cutting experience, even for prolonged tasks.
  • Sharpening: While not always included, high-end knives often come with better sharpening capabilities or are easier to sharpen professionally, extending their lifespan.

Ultimately, the “difference” is a matter of expectation and use. For occasional kitchen tasks, an inexpensive knife might suffice. But for professional use, frequent cutting, or demanding tasks, the investment in a higher-quality knife translates to superior performance, increased longevity, and a more satisfying cutting experience.

What is the 3 finger rule knife?

The “three-finger rule” isn’t a specific knife type; it’s a safety guideline emphasizing proper grip. You should always maintain a firm, controlled grip, using your three fingers to control the blade. This prevents slips and accidents.

Sharpening: The advice about sharpening after each use at a 20° angle is good for maintaining sharpness, but it’s crucial to use the correct sharpening method for your knife’s steel type (e.g., honing steel vs. sharpening stone). Over-sharpening can damage the blade.

Beyond the Basics: Consider investing in a good quality sharpening system, be it a honing steel, a set of sharpening stones, or an electric sharpener. Different systems suit different knives and skill levels. Popular brands include Spyderco (Sharpmaker), Lansky, and Work Sharp. Check online reviews before buying.

  • Knife Type Matters: The best sharpening method depends on the knife’s material. High-carbon stainless steel requires a different approach than a ceramic blade.
  • Honing vs. Sharpening: Honing realigns the blade’s edge, while sharpening removes material. Honing should be done frequently, sharpening less so.
  • Angle Consistency: Maintaining a consistent 20° angle during sharpening is key. Using a sharpening guide can significantly help with this.

Proper Grip: A pinch grip is generally recommended for most cutting tasks, but certain techniques may require a different grip. Watch videos and read tutorials online to learn more, focusing on techniques for different types of cuts and ingredients. Practicing with a dull knife first is highly recommended.

  • Pinch Grip: The most common grip, used for precise cuts.
  • Handle Grip: More force is applied using the entire hand and is suitable for robust cutting tasks.

What are the best knives money can buy?

OMG, you guys, the knife obsession is REAL! Let’s talk BEST knives, shall we? Because, let’s face it, a dull knife is a tragedy.

Best Overall: Wüsthof Classic 8-Inch Kitchen Knife. This is the gold standard, the Rolls Royce of kitchen knives! Seriously, the craftsmanship is insane. It’s an investment, but the razor-sharp edge lasts FOREVER (or at least feels like it). High carbon stainless steel, perfectly balanced – you’ll feel like a pro the second you hold it. They’re known for their full tang construction, meaning the steel runs the entire length of the knife, giving it incredible strength and durability. Think of it as your kitchen’s trusty steed, ready for any culinary quest.

Best Value: Victorinox Fibrox 8-Inch Pro Chef’s Knife. Don’t let the price tag fool you! This is a workhorse. Incredibly durable, super sharp, and easy to maintain. The Fibrox handle is non-slip, even with wet hands – a lifesaver when you’re in the middle of a recipe marathon. It’s perfect for beginners and pros alike – truly a fantastic bang for your buck. Plus, they’re practically indestructible. I’ve dropped mine (more than once, let’s be honest) and it’s still going strong!

Best Japanese Chef’s Knife: Shun Classic 8-Inch Chef’s Knife. Prepare to be mesmerized! Shun knives are renowned for their incredibly sharp blades and beautiful design. The handcrafted, high-carbon stainless steel is seriously impressive. They use a special layered steel process resulting in an unbelievably thin, yet incredibly strong blade. It’s lightweight, elegant, and incredibly effective for slicing delicate ingredients. A true statement piece for your kitchen (but be prepared to treat it like the precious jewel it is).

Here’s a quick rundown of things to consider when choosing your holy grail knife:

  • Steel Type: High-carbon stainless steel is generally preferred for its sharpness and durability.
  • Handle: Consider ergonomics and comfort – a good grip is essential.
  • Full Tang vs. Partial Tang: A full tang knife (where the metal runs the entire length of the handle) is more durable.
  • Blade Length: An 8-inch chef’s knife is a versatile all-rounder.

Okay, now go forth and conquer the culinary world with your new arsenal! (But be careful, sharp knives are SERIOUS business!)

Is high carbon or stainless steel better for knives?

The choice between carbon steel and stainless steel knives hinges on your priorities. Carbon steel boasts superior edge retention, meaning it stays sharper for longer and requires less frequent sharpening. However, this performance comes at the cost of increased maintenance; regular oiling and meticulous drying after each use are essential to prevent rust and staining. Consider carbon steel if you prioritize a razor-sharp edge and don’t mind dedicating extra time to care.

Stainless steel, conversely, offers superior corrosion resistance thanks to its chromium content. This translates to less maintenance and a greater tolerance for moisture and acidic foods. While generally not as sharp as carbon steel out of the box, and requiring more frequent sharpening, its ease of care makes it a popular choice for everyday use. The higher chromium content often leads to slightly softer steel, impacting the edge’s longevity.

Ultimately, the “better” steel depends on your individual needs and willingness to perform maintenance. High-carbon steel excels in sharpness and edge retention, while stainless steel prioritizes ease of use and rust resistance. Many knife enthusiasts own both types to leverage the strengths of each material.

Are expensive knives worth it?

The higher price tag on premium knives often reflects superior materials and construction. Instead of cheaper stainless steel, you’ll find high-carbon steel or even ceramics. This translates to significantly improved blade retention – they stay sharper for longer, requiring less frequent honing or sharpening. The enhanced hardness also means better durability and resistance to chipping or bending, crucial for demanding tasks. Think about it: a professional chef wouldn’t use a cheap knife; the consistency in cuts and longevity are simply too important. The difference between a sub-$20 knife and a high-end knife is akin to the difference between a budget smartphone camera and a professional DSLR: you get what you pay for in terms of precision and longevity. While a cheaper knife might suffice for occasional use, the superior performance of an expensive knife, in terms of sharpness, edge retention, and overall durability, justifies the cost for serious cooks or professionals who use their knives daily.

Furthermore, the ergonomics are usually better designed in high-end knives. The handle might be made of more comfortable and durable materials, offering a better grip and reducing hand fatigue during extended use. This seemingly small detail significantly improves the user experience and overall efficiency. The difference in comfort and control is surprisingly noticeable when working with a knife for a prolonged period.

Finally, consider the investment aspect. A high-quality knife, properly cared for, will last a lifetime. Think of it as a tool that will pay for itself over the years through superior performance and longevity compared to repeatedly replacing cheaper knives that dull and break more easily. It’s a long-term investment in both your culinary skills and your kitchen equipment.

What steel holds the sharpest edge?

The quest for the sharpest, longest-lasting edge in steel is a constant pursuit. While there’s no single definitive answer, vanadium carbides stand out as key players. Their exceptional hardness significantly contributes to superior edge retention.

Chromium carbides also play a role, falling between the hardness of iron carbide and the exceptionally hard vanadium carbide. The interplay of these carbides is crucial.

Steels boasting extremely high vanadium content, such as Vanadis 8, CPM-10V, K390, and CPM-15V, consistently demonstrate exceptional performance. In extensive testing, these steels have shown remarkable edge retention, outperforming many other steel types. This translates to fewer sharpening sessions and more time spent using your tool, whether it’s a knife, chisel, or other cutting instrument.

Here’s a breakdown of why these steels excel:

  • Exceptional Hardness: Vanadium carbides contribute significantly to the overall hardness, resisting wear and chipping even under demanding use.
  • Fine Grain Structure: Many of these high-vanadium steels possess a remarkably fine grain structure, contributing to toughness and resistance to fracturing.
  • Refined Carbide Dispersion: The even distribution of carbides enhances the steel’s overall strength and resistance to wear.

However, it’s important to note that “sharpest” also depends on factors beyond the steel itself, including the grind angle, the sharpening technique, and the specific application. While these high-vanadium steels offer superior edge retention, proper maintenance is still critical for optimal performance.

Consider these factors when choosing a tool made from high-vanadium steel:

  • Intended Use: The demands of the task will influence the best steel choice. Some high-vanadium steels are better suited for demanding tasks than others.
  • Maintenance: High-end steels often require specialized sharpening techniques to maintain their edge optimally.
  • Cost: High-vanadium steels are typically premium materials, reflecting their superior performance.

What is the difference between a cheap and a quality knife?

OMG, the difference is HUGE! Cheap knives? They’re usually made from flimsy stainless steel – I mean, seriously flimsy. Or even worse, plastic! Think about that for a second…plastic slicing through your precious avocado! The horror! They’re mass-produced, churned out like sausages in some factory – no love, no soul, just *quantity*. That means the blade’s probably dull after a few uses, and the handle? Forget about an ergonomic design; you’ll be battling blisters before you even finish prepping your Insta-worthy meal prep.

Quality knives, on the other hand… *sigh*. The difference is night and day. They use high-carbon stainless steel or even better, high-carbon steel that holds an edge like a dream. We’re talking about blades forged, not stamped, often with meticulous hand-finishing. These bad boys are built to last – a lifetime investment, darling! Plus, the handles are usually made from beautiful, durable materials like wood or micarta, feeling amazing in your hand. They’re an absolute joy to use – you’ll actually *want* to cook! It’s a total game-changer for your kitchen, not to mention your Instagram feed! The superior sharpness makes chopping so much faster and more precise, saving you time and frustration. And the best part? A truly quality knife, despite the higher initial cost, actually saves you money in the long run because you won’t be replacing it every few months.

What are the 3 knives every person should own?

Forget smartwatches and noise-canceling headphones for a moment; let’s talk about the ultimate kitchen tech: knives. While not exactly “smart,” the right knives drastically improve efficiency and precision in the culinary process. Every home cook should own these three essential tools:

  • Chef’s Knife: This workhorse is your go-to for most tasks. Look for a high-carbon stainless steel blade, 8-10 inches in length, with a comfortable, full-tang handle (meaning the steel runs the full length of the handle for durability). A good chef’s knife can dice, mince, chop, slice, and even rock—a technique for efficiently mincing herbs. Consider the weight and balance; it should feel comfortable and naturally extend your hand.
  • Serrated Knife (Bread Knife): Often overlooked, this is crucial for slicing through crusty bread, tomatoes, and other items with delicate skins. The serrated edge prevents crushing, allowing for clean, even slices. Look for a blade at least 8 inches long, with deep, evenly spaced serrations. A non-stick coating can also be a handy addition for easier cleaning.
  • Paring Knife: This small, versatile knife is perfect for intricate work. Use it for peeling fruits and vegetables, trimming small pieces, and detailed tasks like creating garnishes. A 3-4 inch blade with a sharp point is ideal. A comfortable grip is essential given the precision required.

Beyond the Basics: Knife Care

  • Sharpening: Regularly sharpening your knives is critical for maintaining their performance and safety. Invest in a honing steel for daily maintenance and a sharpening stone for more intensive sharpening.
  • Storage: Protect your investment by storing knives properly. A magnetic strip or a knife block will keep them safe and readily accessible.
  • Cleaning: Hand-wash your knives with warm, soapy water. Avoid putting them in the dishwasher, as this can damage both the blade and the handle.

Investing in quality knives will significantly elevate your cooking experience. They’re a worthwhile investment that will last for years with proper care.

Who makes best quality knives?

The question of “Who makes the best quality knives?” is complex, but we can highlight some top contenders. Our testing reveals several standouts across different price points.

Best Overall: Wüsthof Classic 8-Inch Chef’s Knife. This German-forged knife, weighing 9.5 ounces, consistently delivers exceptional performance. Its high-carbon stainless steel blade boasts superb edge retention and resilience, making it ideal for everyday use and demanding culinary tasks. The full tang construction ensures balance and durability.

Best Value: HexClad 8-Inch Damascus Steel Chef’s Knife. At a more budget-friendly price point, the HexClad offers impressive value. Weighing in at 9.3 ounces, its Damascus steel blade is not only visually striking but also provides excellent sharpness and a good balance of hardness and flexibility. While not quite matching the Wüsthof’s edge retention, it’s a fantastic option for home cooks.

Best Splurge: New West KnifeWorks 7-Inch Teton Edge Santoku. For those willing to invest, the New West KnifeWorks Santoku (6.2 ounces) delivers an unparalleled cutting experience. Crafted with meticulous attention to detail, this knife features exceptional blade geometry and a superior handle design. This lightweight knife is perfect for precise cuts and delicate work.

What are the disadvantages of stainless steel knives?

While stainless steel knives are popular for their affordability and resistance to rust, they have some drawbacks for serious users. Durability is a key issue; stainless steel is a softer metal than many others used in knifemaking, meaning it dulls more quickly, especially with heavy or frequent use. Think chopping vegetables all day—you’ll be sharpening more often!

Manufacturers often over-sharpen stainless steel blades during production to compensate for this faster dulling. This initial super-sharp edge, while initially impressive, makes them more prone to accidental cuts if not handled carefully. Always exercise caution when using a new stainless steel knife.

Consider the type of steel. There’s a huge difference between a cheap stainless steel knife and one made with high-quality stainless steel alloys. Higher-end options often incorporate harder steel compositions or use advanced forging techniques to improve durability and edge retention. Checking the steel grade (e.g., 420, 440, etc.) can give you a clue about its quality – research this before buying!

Ultimately, while stainless steel knives are perfectly adequate for everyday home use, professionals and serious hobbyists often opt for harder steels like high-carbon steel (though these require more maintenance) for their superior edge retention and overall longevity. Read reviews carefully – they’ll often highlight issues with a knife’s sharpness and durability over time.

Which is better, Henckels or Zwilling?

Okay, so you’re trying to decide between Henckels and Zwilling knives? I’ve been down this rabbit hole, and here’s the lowdown from a fellow online shopper: Zwilling J.A. Henckels (yes, they’re related!) generally wins on quality. Their full tang knives are seriously impressive – better balance and way more durable. Think of it like this: Zwilling is the luxury car, Henckels is the reliable sedan.

Price-wise, Zwilling’s definitely the pricier option. You’re paying a premium for that superior build. However, you can often find great deals online! Check out sites like Amazon, eBay, and even the Zwilling website itself for sales and discounts. They sometimes have outlet sections with amazing prices.

Henckels is a fantastic entry-level brand though. If you’re just starting out and don’t want to break the bank, they’re a great way to build a solid knife collection without the huge investment. Look for their forged knives – they offer better value than their stamped counterparts. Remember to read the reviews carefully on any knife you’re thinking of buying. People often talk about specific models and their experience with them.

One more thing: steel type makes a HUGE difference. Both brands offer various steel types. Look for high-carbon stainless steel for optimal durability and edge retention – that’s the real key to a long-lasting, sharp knife. Don’t just focus on the brand name – also check the specs.

What are the top 3 knives?

Forget the hype, here’s the truth about the top 3 knives based on rigorous testing and years of kitchen experience:

  • Chef’s Knife (8-inch): This workhorse isn’t just versatile; it’s essential. Look for a high-carbon stainless steel blade with a full tang (meaning the steel runs the entire length of the handle for superior balance and durability). A slightly curved blade allows for rocking cuts, minimizing chopping fatigue. We tested dozens, and the best consistently delivered precise cuts through a range of ingredients, from tomatoes to tougher meats. Avoid overly lightweight knives; they lack the heft needed for controlled cutting.
  • Paring Knife (3-4 inch): Don’t underestimate this tiny titan. A good paring knife is crucial for detailed work – peeling, trimming, and intricate garnishes. Again, high-carbon stainless steel is key. Test the knife’s sharpness on an apple; a good paring knife should glide through effortlessly. A comfortable, well-balanced handle is paramount for precision control in close-quarters work.
  • Bread Knife (8-10 inch serrated): A dedicated bread knife isn’t just for loaves. Its serrated edge effortlessly slices through cakes, pastries, and even tomatoes without crushing them. Look for a long, thin blade (the longer the better for larger loaves) with deep, offset serrations for a clean, non-crumbly cut. We found that blades with a non-stick coating significantly reduce sticking and improve cleanup.

Bonus Tip: Consider the handle material. Synthetic materials like polypropylene offer excellent durability and easy cleaning. Wooden handles look great, but require more care.

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